Organizational Learning Versus Free Will of Individuals

Organizational Learning versus Free Will of Individuals Question: Some people say that the expectation of conformity implied in organizational learning is a threat to the free will of individuals. Do you agree? Should managers favor organizational learning or individual learning for their employees? No. I do not agree with the allegation of some people who claim that expectation of conformity implied in organizational learning is a threat to the free will of individuals. Each and every organization has its own culture. Organizational learning is geared, in some way, to enforcement of the culture. Additionally, an organization is a mono culture entity with multiple individual cultures from different backgrounds. Digital revolution has totally changed the face of business and everyone must cope with it (Jason Silberman, 2013). Therefore, organizational learning has its own cardinal importance some of which is mentioned hereunder; a) Adapt the organization to the volatile environment. I want to reiterate that due to ever changing business environment, organizations are on their toes to ensure adaptability and flexibility to the environment. Normally, it is the stakeholders/employees who are to conform to the requirements of an organization an drop their selfish interests. The vision and mission statement dictate the way forward for the organization and considering individual interests, this might not materialize. b) Easy to implement and wide in scope. Organizational learningShow MoreRelatedIntentional Revolutions Is Organizational Change1218 Words   |  5 PagesIntentional Revolutions is organizational change that requires people to examine and alter the basic assumptions driving and supporting the present state of their organizational life. It is about change that asks people to do things in dramatically new and different ways, as opposed to making small improvements in current practices. 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Sexual Dysfunction As A Side Effect Of Chronic Disease

Introduction: For most healthy men and women, sexuality is central to their lives and contributes to their personal and relational quality of life (Verschuren et al., 2010). Relationships and sexual satisfaction enhance the quality of life. When one member of the relationship suffers from a chronic illness, it may restrict many areas of their life. Sex is a significant source of comfort, intimacy, and pleasure. The sexuality of an individual may be compromised by physical and emotional problems that accompany the chronic disease (Ferrini, 2013 p. 358). The illness the individual is facing my cause them to feel tired, depressed, and uninterested in sexual activity. Intercourse and sexual relations may provide intimacy and relaxation,†¦show more content†¦As a result, they may feel less interested in sex or may not enjoy sex like they used to (Karlen 2002). Despite the fears of those who have had a heart attack, the physical demands of intercourse are minimal and sexual activi ty may actually be beneficial. Sexual activity may reduce tension, increase self esteem, and self image (Ferrini, 2013 p. 357). When two partners are together in a sexual way, the low level physical activity may help normalize their lives. The physical demands of intercourse are no more than walking around the block or up a staircase (Carrillo et al. 2013). Physicians recommend that intercourse can resume eight to twelve weeks after a heart attack. Before the individual may return to intercourse, they should undergo a treadmill test. The risk of experiencing another heart attack during sexual activity is extremely low (Karlen 2002). After experiencing a heart condition, couples may still resume in sexual activity. They should plan their intercourse and time together when they have the most energy. Limiting the amount of alcohol the individual consumes may also affect their sexual function. Waiting two hours after they eat to have sex and making sure they are rested and relaxed will help them get ready for sexual activity. To help maintain their sex life, holding hands and touching their partners even when they do not plan on having sex (Carrillo et al. 2013). Hypertension: High blood pressure often has no signs or symptoms, but the impact

Explication of the Road not taken Essay Example For Students

Explication of the Road not taken Essay In Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken, (reprinted in Laurence Perrine and Thomas R. Arp, Sound and Senses, 8th ed. San Diego: Harcourt, 1992 23) the speaker stands in the woods, considering a fork in the road. Both ways are equally worn, and equally overlaid with un-trodden leaves. The speaker chooses one, telling himself that he will take the other another day. Yet he knows it is unlikely that he will have the opportunity to do so. And he admits that someday in the future he will recreate the scene with a slight twist: he will claim that he took the less-traveled road. The whole poem is an extended metaphor, where Frost describes a path in the woods that is directly comparable to a major decision in life. In this case, the narrator is lost in the poem, both on the trail, and in his life. The Road Not Taken consists of four stanzas of five lines each having an identical rhyme scheme of ABAAB. The first, third, and fourth lines in every stanza rhyme, along with the second and fifth lines. Thus, allowing the poem to flow at a smoother and steadier pace. There are four stressed syllables per line, forming an iambic tetrameter base. A persons life can be metaphorically related to a physical journey filled with many twists and turns. Frost presents to the reader a mans decision, at a turning point in his life, symbolized by two roads diverged in a yellow wood. In the first line, Frost introduces the elements of his primary metaphor: the diverging roads. The speaker expresses his regret that he could not travel both (line 2). The choice is not easily made since long I stood (line 3) before coming to a decision. In an attempt to make a choice, the traveler examines the path as far as he could (line 4), but his vision is limited because the path bends and is covered in the undergrowth (line 5). Thus, indicating that although he would have liked to acquire more information, he is prevented from doing so because of the nature of his environment. In lines 6-8, the speaker is still unable to decide between the two paths since the other, is just as fair (line 6). He indicates that the second path is a more attractive choice since it was grassy and wanted wear (line 8). Nevertheless, by the end of the stanza, he remains ambivalent, even after comparing the two paths, for each was really about the same (line 10). Neither path has been traveled lately. In the third stanza, the speaker makes his decision, trying to persuade himself that he will eventually come back (line 15) to satisfy his desire and curiosity to travel both paths. However, deep down, he admits to himself that such hope is unrealistic. By the final stanza, the traveler settles on a choice. He imagines himself in the future, discussing his life, and appears to contradict what he has said earlier. In the future, he will claim that the paths were different from each other and that he had courageously chose the path less traveled by (line 19). On a larger note, this poem can closely relate to the everyday life of humans, which are filled with circumstances in need of decisions. Each circumstance comes with decisions that must be made in order to make life more fulfilling and meaningful. Once the decision is made, that fork in the road has passed, life goes on, the decision is accepted, and the past cannot be changed. Frost reminds the reader of the importance of choices and how those decisions affect the future. Therefore, choices must be carefully weighed. In the end, humans reflect over decisions that have been made, and like Frost at the end of this poem, sigh, discovering those decisions have made all the difference to their lives. .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e , .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .postImageUrl , .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e , .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:hover , .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:visited , .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:active { border:0!important; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:active , .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue36ed304066aa1ed8a45ad3bd1bbcd9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Beak Of The Finch EssayBibliography: .

SCOPE Essays - Construction, Building Materials, Concrete, Pavements

SCOPE This specification covers the general requirements of, filling sand in the floor and PCC in foundation as shown on the drawings and as directed by engineer and all operations covered within the intent and purpose of this specification. DRAWINGS Engineer will issue further drawings wherever, in his opinion such drawings are required to show areas to be excavated/filled, sequence of priorities etc. Contractor shall follow strictly such drawings. GENERAL Contractor shall furnish all tools, plants, instruments, qualified supervisory personnel, labour, materials, any temporary works, consumable, any and everything necessary, whether or not such items are specifically stated herein for completion of the job in accordance with specification requirements. SAND FILLING IN PLINTH AND UNDER FLOORS: After the available suitable excavated materials are exhausted as backfilling, the contractor shall notify the Engineer-in-Charge, of the fact and levels taken jointly with Engineer-in-Charge. The earth, murrum, sand, gravel etc. or such materials suitable for filling proposed to be filled under floors and so mentioned in the item of schedule of quantities shall then be brought to site from approved locations and sources. i ) Earth Filling: The earth, soft murrum etc. so brought shall be filled up in layers of 15 cm depth, each layer being well watered and consolidated by approved hand or mechanical tampers or other suitable means to achieve the required density. ii) Gravel or Sand Filling: Gravel if required to be filled under floors, shall be single washed gravel of approved quality and of size varying from 12 mm. to 20 mm. it shall be uniformly blinded with approved type of soil and/or sand to obtain full compaction. Gravel shall be filled in specified thickness and shall be well watered and rammed entirely to the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-Charge. If sand is required to be filled under floors, it shall be clean, medium grained and free from impurities. The filled in sand shall be kept flooded with water for 24 hrs. to ensure maximum consolidation. Any temporary work required to maintain sand under flooded condition shall be done by the contractor at his own cost. The surface shall then be well dressed and got approved from Engineer-in-Charge before any other work is taken over the fill. PAYMENT Measurement for payment of 'Sand Filling' shall be made on the basis of actual area filling in Square meter. Payment shall be made for the number of Square meter measured as per unit rate quoted in the Bill of Quantities. The unit rate shall include full cost of labor, tools/equipment, materials and all other costs necessary for the performance and completion of the Works in the workmanlike manner. PCC IN FOUNDATION PCC (1:1: 3) for Foundation Specification for Materials: Cement : Cement shall confirm to IS 269-1976. Ordinary Portland cement shall be used when no type is specified. The weight of OPC shall be taken as 1440kg per cu. m. and rapid hardening cement as 1210kg per cu. m. Each bag of cement should be undisturbed and scaled 50kg. Tests : Tests for cement are carried out as indicated IS 269-1958. Ordinary cement stored for more than 2 months from the date of receipt from the factory shall be subjected to test and used only found satisfactorily. Storage : Cement must be fresh and stored on planks raised 15 to 20cm away from the walls. Not more than 15 bags shall be stacked vertically in one pile and maximum width of the pile should not be more than 3m. Sand: Sand shall confirm to IS 383-1965. It shall be river sand or pit sand. It shall be free from mica. Clay, silt content must not be greater than 5%. If so, sand shall be washed before use. Sand shall be well graded. Coarse Aggregate: It shall confirm to IS 383-1965. Water: Portable water shall be used for mixing concrete and curing the work. Combination of materials : Proportion: The proportion of cement, sand and aggregate shall be 1 part cement, 3/2 part sand and 3 part coarse aggregate. Batching/measurement: The measurement of cement sand and aggregate shall be by weight. If less than 1 cubic meter by volume', shall be permitted. Mixing: Cement, sand and aggregate shall be mixed in mechanical mixture

FDR and the New Deal essays

FDR and the New Deal essays When FDR took office in 1933, the nation was obviously ready for some great changes. In the thick of the Great Depression, America needed someone who could join the nation together and get the economy back where it once was. Franklin Roosevelt proved, for the most part, to be the perfect man for the job. From his radiant personality to his famous Hundred Day Legislative Campaign, he gave it all that he had. FDR had arguably the most liked and admired personality of any president. Because he had such a positive and determined attitude, he was able to win the support of most Americans. His colorful language and heartfelt deliveries all but forced the country to fall in love with the new president. With this brilliant personality and strong hold over the American people, FDR did more in one hundred days than Hoover had done in the previous four years of the Depression to combat it. However, his aides saw a very different side to him than did the public. He was described as "enigmatic" and "inscrutable." His enigmatic behaviors sometimes led to confusion and conflict within the White House. However, as far as the public was concerned, he could practically do no wrong. To help out with the dismal situation that America was in, Roosevelt went on a legislative spree, known as the Hundred Day Legislative Campaign. The banks had closed down in thirty-eight states, so FDR passed several acts to aid banks. To help banks open back up, the Emergency Banking Act was passed. Under this act, banks could reopen with a license and under supervision. To increase the public's confidence in banks, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, was formed. It insured all bank deposits up to five thousand dollars and separated deposit banking from investment banking. The Farm Credit Administration helped those who were in danger of losing their farms refinance them, and the Home Owner's Loan Corporation helped homeowners refinance their homes. To...

Profile of the Roman Emperor Nero

Profile of the Roman Emperor Nero Nero was the last of the Julio-Claudians, that most important family of Rome that produced the first 5 emperors (Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero). Nero is famed for watching while Rome burned, then using the devastated area for his own luxurious palace, and then blaming the conflagration on the Christians, whom he persecuted. While his predecessor, Claudius, was accused of letting slaves guide his policy, Nero was accused of letting the women in his life, especially his mother, guide his. This wasnt considered an improvement. Family and Upbringing of Nero Nero Claudius Caesar (originally Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) was the son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger, sister of the future emperor Caligula, in Antium, on December 15, A.D. 37. Domitius died when Nero was 3. Caligula banished his sister, and so Nero grew up with his paternal aunt, Domitia Lepida, who chose a barber (tonsor) and a dancer (saltator) for Neros tutors. When Claudius became emperor after Caligula, Neros inheritance was returned, and when Claudius married Agrippina, a proper tutor, Seneca, was hired for young Nero. Neros Career Nero might have had a successful career as an entertainer, but that was not to be at least officially. Under Claudius, Nero pleaded cases in the forum and was given opportunities to ingratiate himself with the Roman people. When Claudius died, Nero was 17. He presented himself to the palace guard, who pronounced him emperor. Nero then went to the ​Senate, which gave him the appropriate imperial titles. As emperor, Nero served as consul 4 times. Compassionate Elements of Neros Reign Nero reduced heavy taxes and fees paid to informers. He gave salaries to impoverished senators. He introduced certain fire-preventing and fire-fighting innovations. Suetonius says Nero devised a method of forgery prevention. Nero also replaced public banquets with grain distribution. His response to people criticizing his artistic skills was mild. Some Charges Against Nero Some of Neros infamous acts, which led to rebellion in the provinces, included inflicting punishments on Christians (and blaming them for the devastating fire in Rome), sexual perversions, marauding and murdering Roman citizens, building the extravagant Domus Aurea Golden House, charging citizens with treason to confiscate their property, murdering his mother and aunt, and causing (or at least performing while watching) the burning of Rome. Nero gained notoriety for inappropriately performing. It is said that as he died, Nero lamented that the world was losing an artist. Death of Nero Nero committed suicide before he could be captured and flogged to death. Revolts in Gaul and Spain had promised to bring Neros reign to an end. Almost all his staff deserted him. Nero tried to kill himself, but required the assistance of his scribe, Epaphrodite, to stab himself in the neck. Nero died at the age of 32. Ancient Sources on Nero Tacitus describes the reign of Nero, but his Annals end before the last 2 years of Neros reign. Cassius Dio (LXI-LXIII) and Suetonius also provide biographies of Nero. Tacitus on Nero and the Fire Tacitus on the Modifications Nero Made to Building After the Fire of Rome (15.43)... The buildings themselves, to a certain height, were to be solidly constructed, without wooden beams, of stone from Gabii or Alba, that material being impervious to fire. And to provide that the water which individual license had illegally appropriated, might flow in greater abundance in several places for the public use, officers were appointed, and everyone was to have in the open court the means of stopping a fire. Every building, too, was to be enclosed by its own proper wall, not by one common to others. These changes which were liked for their utility, also added beauty to the new city. Some, however, thought that its old arrangement had been more conducive to health, inasmuch as the narrow streets with the elevation of the roofs were not equally penetrated by the suns heat, while now the open space, unsheltered by any shade, was scorched by a fiercer glow.​​ -Â  Annals of Tacitus Tacitus on Neros Blaming the Christians (15.44).... But all human efforts, all the lavish gifts of the emperor, and the propitiations of the gods, did not banish the sinister belief that the conflagration was the result of an order. Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular. Accordingly, an arrest was first made of all who pleaded guilty; then, upon their information, an immense multitude was convicted, not so much of the crime of firing the city, as of hatred against mankind. Mo ckery of every sort was added to their deaths. Covered with the skins of beasts, they were torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses, or were doomed to the flames and burnt, to serve as a nightly illumination, when daylight had expired. Nero offered his gardens for the spectacle, and was exhibiting a show in the circus, while he mingled with the people in the dress of a charioteer or stood aloft on a car.​ -Â  Annals of Tacitus

Hospital Staffing Crisis Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospital Staffing Crisis - Research Proposal Example Higher numbers of nurse staffing in hospitals has revealed to correspond with lower mortalities as well as rates of medical complications. In addition, increased staffing leads to reduced lengths of stay and improved outcomes (Bowers& Flood, 2008). Topical sentence: One crisis that affects hospital staffing is the rate of dissatisfaction habits amongst the nurses. The work environment easily influences their satisfaction levels and once they feel dissatisfied, they quit and look for jobs elsewhere (Myers, 2012). Topical Sentence: Nursing has proved to take the highest cost of labor in the hospitals. More often, consultants visit the chief nursing officers to inquire about the issues concerning their staffing (Ellerbe, 2013). Higher numbers of nurse staffing in hospitals has revealed to correspond with lower mortalities as well as rates of medical complications. In addition, increased staffing leads to reduced lengths of stay and improved outcomes (Bowers& Flood, 2008). One crisis that affects hospital staffing is the rate of dissatisfaction habits amongst the nurses. The work environment easily influences their satisfaction levels and once they feel dissatisfied, they quit and look for jobs elsewhere (Myers, 2012). Constant quitting amongst nurses reduces the quality of patient care as well as the safety of the patients. According to a job satisfactory survey done, nurses registered low satisfactory rates when it comes to duties carried out as well as pay (Myers, 2012). According to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, dissatisfaction among the nurse has persisted and recent study indicate that 41% of nurse currently working agree to dissatisfaction and 22% plan on quitting their jobs. A population of these nurses are unhappy about their jobs experiences due to the work overloads amongst other difficulties (Hinshaw, & Grady, 2011). They say that they

Ancient History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient History - Essay Example Although, it might appear counter-intuitive at first, the fact that Ancient Greece was an established empire had what facilitated the flourishing of democracy during the period. For example, one of the major developments during the Hellenistic Age was the phenomenon of empire formation. Ancient Athens was truly one of the early models of capital imperialist cities, whose place would later be taken by Rome. Looking retrospectively, historians regard the empires of Romans and Greeks as pinnacles of human achievement. (Nikolaos, 2005, p.45) Critics point out to the entrenched practices of slavery, brutality and exploitation that were part of the process of empire formation. But the emperors of Ancient Greece saw it in a benign light – equating it to â€Å"teaching civilized ways to primitive people†, â€Å"helping universal salvation through the spread of moral codes†, etc. More importantly, the political stability afforded by the sizeable empire made it easy for th e nurturing of democratic processes within the domain, especially in its capital city. The internal organization within Athens also contributed towards its successful practice of democracy. In other words, the state of harmony and wilful co-operation that existed among the subjects of the kingdom helped it set about on their imperialist adventure. A common identity, feelings of brotherhood, voluntary co-operation and a uniting heritage; they all helped lay the foundation for implementing democracy while also building the empire. Such qualifiers as culture, language and economic life too helped build unity. (Austin, 1981, p.78) But, this is not to say that political dissent was always welcome by the rulers. The tragic execution of Socrates illustrates this point. Socrates was brought to trial by the democratic Athenian jury, which had scores to settle with prominent members of the previous regime. Socrates’ association with the previous regime made him a target of persecution, irrespective of the validity of the alleged charges. He was accused of undermining religious and state authority and for also corrupting the minds of Athenians. But in reality, Socrates made no deliberate attempts to bring down the religious, state authorities. Instead, he encouraged his students to adopt a critical approach to moral actions, also suggesting that the Athenian rulers themselves are not exempt from such scrutiny. This shows that hypocrisy and double standards were evident in Ancient Greece. And ostracism and political exile (if not public execution) were employed to keep the population and courtiers under control. (Austin, 1981, p.223) 3. Name three major developments, ideas, inventions, events, etc. of the ancient world, and explain how they affected the development of the Mediterranean world. Despite major achievements in the political front, Ancient Greece would come to be defined by its vibrant and path-breaking intellectual culture. Such luminary figures as Aris totle, Socrates and Plato would found what is now referred to as Western Philosophic thought, which has continued to grow and develop over the course of two thousand centuries. Let us now consider the contributions of Aristotle. Born in 384 BC and believed to have died on 322 BC, Aristotle remains the figure head of Ancient Greek philosophy. He also founded the Peripatetic school of philosophy, which remains in currency even today. Aristotle was widely regard during his time and continues to be revered

Prejudice to Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

Prejudice to Kill a Mockingbird Essay Prejudice denotes a prejudgment and negative opinion formed without adequate knowledge or justification. Individuals who are prejudicial are often biased and act unfavourably to other groups, particularly those of differing race and socio-economic status. Ideas and themes about prejudice are strongly evoked through Harper Lee’s 1960 novel â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird† and the poem â€Å"The Child† by Valerie Church. â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird† explores the prejudices associated with the coloured and underprivileged community group in a small town of the central Alabama which contrasts to the simplistic nature of a mentally-disabled boy in â€Å"The Child†. Through the juxtaposition of ideas conveyed in both texts, audiences are confronted with a greater understanding of the differing aspects of prejudice. Racism is and continues to be one of the most common types of prejudice experienced and exercised within the international community. Traditionally, the importance of race and skin tones was believed to signify the wealth or superiority of an individual or group. Written in the 1960’s America, Lee’s novel concentrates on the negative impact and effect of the orthodox prejudices held against the coloured community. Derogative connotation to the minority black community as â€Å"niggers†, portray the constant racial prejudice experienced by them within the small town of. Although the protagonist family are of Anglo descent, they fall victims to racial prejudice in their attempt to defend a black person in the court of law. The importance of skin tone is expressed through imagery, where Atticus explains the need to symbolically â€Å"climb† into someone’s â€Å"skin† to consider the light of their circumstances. Further, the repetition of â€Å"nigger lover† connotes the negative attitude Atticus and the Finch family experiences in response to helping Tom Robinson, one of the mockingbirds in the text. Lee’s employment of the mockingbird as a motif symbolises the harmless and caring nature of the black community who â€Å"never annoy you† but are heavily prejudiced against simply because of the colour of their skin. As the salient theme within the text, â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird† highlights the dire impact of radical prejudice and the disparity between members of difference races within 1960’s America. Another aspect of prejudice which is presented within the â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, is the importance of socio-economic class which connotes an individual’s standing within a community. Within the text, the town of Maycomb is divided into three distinct socio-economic classes from the well respected white working class, the â€Å"white trash† to the African American community. The classes are about the same as each other as they have the same type of people in each, the good and the bad. Scout soon realises, â€Å"there’s just one kind of folks. Folks†. Even the children in Maycomb are aware of the socio-economic class between the groups of people in the town. It is most noticed on the first day Scout went to school; Walter did not bring his lunch and Miss Caroline tried to lend him a quarter. As the Cunninghams did not borrow what they could not lend back, Walter refused and Miss Caroline became frustrated until Scout responded with â€Å"he’s a Cunningham† which reveals even adolescents in the community actively categorise individuals into stereotypes. Lee has used the freedom of the black community to portray a small town’s reaction to their freedom. Those from the black community fortunate enough to have an education were well respected as they had good jobs compared to the rest of the black community. There is a fourth social class briefly mentioned as there only a couple of them. Children of Dolphus Raymond, they are half black and half white. They do not fit in either the black nor white community as they have blood of the other race. As Jem says ‘Around here, once you have a drop of Negro blood that makes you all black’, refers to the townsfolk’s thoughts and beliefs on people with a black heritage. Physical and emotional separation is a prominent theme conveyed in both â€Å"The Child† and â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird†. Church’s â€Å"The Child† opens with the persona’s use of third person to recount their sight of a small boy with â€Å"an incomplete brain†. The use of the metaphoric connotation to the boy offers audiences the view that child is mentally- disadvantaged and is subject to prejudice of the general public with their â€Å"cruel eyes†. This representation emphasises the importance of physical appearance especially in a society which often judge and assess an individual by their exterior. As Church conveys that the boy experiences â€Å"mocking voice of the other boys†, this emphasises the importance of physical appearance to become accepted in the community even though traditionally, adolescents are presumed to be innocent and free of prejudice. Although physically, the young boy has a â€Å"simple exterior†, Church highlights that the boy is subject to prejudice due to his physical appearance which reveals his disabled nature. Further, this poem also highlights circumstances in which individuals deal with prejudices as the young boy reverts to smiling â€Å"simply at the onlookers†. Whilst â€Å"totally happy in his world†, Church use of imagery emphasises the positive responses to prejudice even though he is still physically separated from civilisation as he is standing â€Å"on the opposite kerb† being mocked by the other boys. The repetition of the young boy’s physical separation from the others assists in emphasising the physical aspect of prejudice. Valerie Church’s â€Å"The Child†, is an emotive poem which strongly addresses the physical nature of prejudice and the simplistic views by a young boy to combat issues of prejudice. Prejudice is both a physical and emotive concept which is prevalent within society. Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mocking-bird† and Valerie Church’s â€Å"The Child† are texts which offer insight to the effect of prejudices based on both race and physical appearance. Both texts address the dire consequences of prejudicial acts and comments which continue to separate those in a society. Thus, the study of both texts has allowed audiences to gain a deeper and more extensive insight in the various aspects of prejudice. Word Count: 1,000Ã'Ž

The Bluest Eye :: essays research papers

THE BLUEST EYE The Bluest Eye is a complex book. Substance wise it is a disturbing yet relatively easy read, but Toni Morrison plays with the narrative structure in a way so that complexity is added to the hidden depth of the text. From the beginning to the end of the book, the author takes the reader through a series of point of views that take turns in narrating the story. But by the end of the book, the author leaves the reader unclear on who the actual main character of the book is. Pecola Breedlove, although never the narrator, seems to be the constant victim and equally the main character of the story. Many readers can see the book as a story about Claudia MacTeer, who is the main narrator of the book, but most everything she narrates has a direct tie to Pecola’s life. From the very start, Claudia describes the home environment in which she lives in. That home environment is linked to how Pecola comes to live with them and what affect the two had on each other. Pecola’s presence slightly foreshadows her future longing for blue eyes by showing the great interest she had in Shirley Temple, who was known for being a pretty white girl. Claudia then goes into a series of stories and descriptions of what type of environment Pecola must live in at her own home. She describes the abandoned store in which the Breedlove family lives in and the terrible condition of the furniture, which reflects the type of family the Breedloves are. Whether it was Claudia or another unknown third person narrator, a specific situation is described in a brutal manner of exactly what type of envir onment exists in Pecola’s home. The situation was where Cholly and Polly fight each other with little hesitation or thought, and the brief narration ends with how Pecola is affected by such actions. Claudia’s experiences are even more tied to Pecola’s life through the events that occurred with Maureen Peal. Claudia begins describing Maureen as her own enemy but soon enough Maureen is introduced into Pecola’s life along with the point of view she had upon the ugly child. Maureen was fascinated by Pecola, which represents one of the many characters who looked down upon her. Along with the narration of Claudia and the third person, Cholly and Polly have a significant representation in the story.

Alexander Shulgin

Ever sense my freshman year in high school, I have always expressed extreme interest in biochemistry and pharmacology. I believe this is because in the past, I have been prescribed many different antidepressant and ADHD medications. I was always very curious as to how these psychoactive medications worked. I would look them up and read all about the different types of antidepressants and how they worked. From selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRl's) to Norepinephrine- dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRl's).My fascination with different medications and ow they worked brought me to many different famous biochemists and chemical engineers, but there was one man who always stood out to me. A â€Å"rogue chemist,† named Alexander Shulgin. Sasha, as his friends call him, is widely famous for his discovery of over 230 different psychedelic drugs varying from the 2C family, DOX family, and various other phenethylamines & tryptamines. Even with such a gargantuan amount of accomp lishments, Shulgin is most famous for rediscovering and resynthesizing methylenedioxymethamphetamine, or as it is most commonly recognized as, MDMA.MDMA is a semi-synthetic drug first discovered some time before 1912. A german pharmaceutical company called Merck first discovered and patented this compound while searching for a medication that would stop bleeding. They never tested it orally, and therefore never found a real purpose for it. Decades later, on September 8, 1976, Sasha synthesized MDMA. Two years later, the first human study was published by Sasha and another chemist by the name of Dave Nichols. They described the effects as â€Å"an easily controlled altered state of consciousness with emotional and sensual overtones. When Sasha discovered its effects after ingestion, he introduced this compound to many psychiatrists, in order for them to allow patients to ingest a small dosage in order to help them speak more freely. The psychiatrists were so impressed by the effects of using MDMA in psychotherapy that they would speak to other colleagues. Word spread very quickly, and many people were astounded by how well it worked. Many patients were reported to have said that one session with an administered dosage of MDMA felt like years of therapy.As word got out about a drug that gave you empathy and self-acceptance, use of MDMA slowly became more public. Companies were mass producing this substance and selling it legally due to the fact that if users took a higher dosage, they would feel vast amounts of euphoria. As more reports of MDMA abuse were put in media, the DEA decided to schedule MDMA in the schedule one category. This means they had to prove that MDMA had a high potential for abuse while having no medicinal benefits.Many therapists challenged this idea, and after years of debate, MDMA was scheduled. I can only imagine how upset Shulgin could have been. He had found what was called â€Å"penicillin for the soul. † He had Just discovered a miracle drug capable of llowing a different outlook on life. It allowed patients to open up not only to others, but to themselves. He had heard so many reports from patients exclaiming how this therapy nad changed their lives and allowed them to diagnose their issues and even solve them.It is commonly said that MDMA could still be legal to this day if it had not been for the rave movement and ignorance of others. Sasha has not been shy about letting others know that he is very upset with the outcome of such a powerful medication, and for good reason. He has worked with the Drug Enforcement Administration many times and has eceived many awards for his work. In fact, in order to carry out consulting work with the DEA, Shulgin obtained a DEA Schedule I license for an analytical laboratory, which allowed him to possess and synthesize any illicit drug.Sasha set up a chemical synthesis laboratory in a small building behind his house, which he uses to synthesize and test the effects of p sychoactive drugs to this day. His laboratory is littered with Jars and Jars of various compounds with their chemical structure drawn on them, which he calls his dirty pictures. Over the course of this time, he has written nd recorded the synthesis of these various compounds in two different books titled PIHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and TIHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved). He is working on his last book now.Even with his many accomplishments, Shulgin is in no way rich. His only source of income continues to be from the books he has published. He has never sold any of his substances or withheld information on how to synthesize certain compounds. His creations have only made their way to the streets through chemists in China who read through his books and notes and create these compounds in their laboratories o then export to the United States in a completely legal manner, as these drugs are almost completely unheard of and unclassified.As Sasha gets older, he suffers from many different ailments, and has no way to pay for them except through donations, which he has only recently started to accept. He lives a quiet, modest life with his wife and he refuses to conduct any more interviews. I understand why many people consider drugs a taboo subject. I am sure some people may even consider it inappropriate to discuss in a high school classroom, but l, Just like Alexander Shulgin and many others, find extreme interest in psychoactive ompounds and how they can affect our world.Without the study of the more extreme side effects of compounds, how we can expect to progress in our world of modern medicine? Just because a chemical can be abused, does not mean that we should probihibit not Just the possession of said compound, but also the study of it. We live in a world of fear and ignorance, and if we do not fght it, we will never progress. If Sasha has taught me anything, it is to fight for what I believe is morally correct, and I advise you a ll to do the same. Long live Alexander Shulgin and his dirty pictures.

Critical Thinking and Society Exercise Essay

The issue of early morning traffic jams for soldiers trying to make it to physical training (PT) on time is a situation in which critical and creative thought are used for a better outcome. As a former soldier stationed at Fort Hood, Texas, the largest military post in the world with a population of more than 30,000 soldiers (Cubit Planning, Inc, 2013), the early morning commute to PT always has presented the situation of high volume of traffic congestion on the highway leading to the Fort Hood military installation. Another situation that the early morning traffic jam presents is aggressive driving behavior. Soldiers driving to PT with his or her mindset on what would happen if they were late for the first formation of the day and getting in to trouble from the repercussion. Aggressive driving behavior, such as speeding, cutting off other vehicles, and sudden braking seem to increase daily. In situations like this creative and critical thinking is important, because of the many lives involved in the early morning commute to PT. These types of situations can cause many accidents or the loss of a life. If soldiers think critically and creatively he or she could come up with solutions that could limit the number of traffic jams and accidents. For example, early morning carpooling with other solders from the same community or neighborhood would reduce the amount of vehicles commuting to PT early in the morning. â€Å"Free Will is a philosophical term of art for a particular sort of capacity of rational agents to choose a course of action from among various alternatives (O’Connor, 2013)†. In a short sense free will is the probability of choices. Truth is â€Å"what is so† about something, the reality  of the matter, as distinguished from what people believe to be so, or assert to be so (Ruggiero, 2009). Truth is most often used to means in accordance with fact or reality. Knowledge is ideas that correspond to reality. Three ways of obtaining knowledge is through experience, observation, and reports from others. Opinion is a belief about a matter considered subjective based on emotions or the interpretation of facts. An opinion can support an argument even though people may draw opposing opinions from the same set of facts (Ruggiero, 2009). We form thoughts through the use of free will, truth, knowledge, and opinion by the choices we make and believe is true from the knowledge of experience supported by the facts of opinions. Thoughts form by free will from the many choices and alternative choices developed in the brain for a course of action. Because of facts and reality, we form thoughts believed true in the process of thinking. The experience we gain from observation, reports, and others allow us to form thoughts of knowledge obtained. Opinions form thoughts from our personal thinking or the way we understand facts about subject matter, issue, situation or argument. The critical thinking process includes three hindrances: the use of natural habits, resistance to change, self-deception. Natural habits begin in early childhood and are accustom as we grow older. Resistance to change is the tendency to refuse new idea and new ways of seeing or doing without examining them fairly. In self-deception many people mislead themselves about his or her competency, first pretending to others that they are knowledgeable and them coming to believe the pretense themselves. A method of overcoming natural habits is closely examine the first impressions of problem or issue by doing so a person will often be able to determine that a certain habit, resistance to change or self-deception is interfering with his or her thinking (Ruggiero, 2009). A personal time of experience with hindrance in critical thinking happened while working as an overseas contractor for a new manager who brought along with him many changes to our maintenance program. As the maintenance supervisor the hindrance of resistance to change interfered personal  thinking. The method used to overcome the hindrance was to listen to his reasons for change and examine it through personal thinking. After closely examining and investigating his reasoning, it was easy to avoid the hindrance of resistance to change. A message in advertising shows in the 2013 M&M chocolate commercial when the Red M&M keep repeating that he would do anything for love, but he want do that (You Tube, 2013). First perception of this message was that the Red M&M was in love and believe that he would do anything for love. For example, taking the female shopping and carrying her bags, painting her toe nails after bubble bath, playing along the seashore, or covering his head with a hair piece just for love (You Tube, 2013). The commercial goes on to show that the Red M&M would not just do anything for love. He would not allow the female to lick his chocolate shell while watching a movie; place him inside a candy pià ±ata. Neither would he sit in a bowl of ice cream covered with whip cream, be the center of a birthday cake always, become melted down inside an oven, or let her girlfriends enjoy the taste of his candy shell coding (You Tube, 2013). The reality of the advertisement is that M&M chocolate candy is irresistible. Distinguishing between perception and reality of the message shows that the Red M&M may think like a man with human emotions, he is still a delightful piece of M&M chocolate candy. References Cubit Planning, Inc. (2013). Texas demographics. Retrieved from http://www.texas-demographics.com/fort-hood-demographics O’Connor, Timothy, â€Å"Free Will†, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2013/entries/freewill/ Ruggiero, V. (2009). The art of thinking: A guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Longman. You Tube. (2013). M&M’s chocolate channel. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/user/mmschocolate?v=96tWHXtQoRA

Overwhelm and Underwhelm

Overwhelm and Underwhelm Overwhelm and Underwhelm Overwhelm and Underwhelm By Simon Kewin If you can overwhelm and underwhelm, can you also â€Å"whelm†? Both overwhelm and underwhelm are common enough words, but they appear to imply the existence of a root word â€Å"whelm†. Does such a word exist and, if so, what does it mean? The Oxford definition of overwhelm is as follows : verb 1. submerge beneath a huge mass. 2. defeat completely; overpower. 3. have a strong emotional effect on. (ORIGIN from archaic whelm ‘engulf or submerge’, from Old English.) As this makes clear, whelm is a word, but it is archaic and rarely used these days. And, what’s more, whelm and overwhelm actually have more or less the same meaning, although overwhelm perhaps suggests a more intense degree of being engulfed or defeated. But it’s as if overwhelm has taken over the job of its root word, making whelm redundant. These days, the original word is generally used only in poetic or deliberately archaic language. J. R. R. Tolkien, for example, used it in The Lord of the Rings. The third sense of overwhelm listed above have a strong emotional effect on – is a very recent development in the history of this word. And it’s from this that the opposite word underwhelm was coined. To underwhelm means, simply, to fail to impress or make a positive impact on, without any of the meanings to do with flooding or defeat. In other words, underwhelm evolved from overwhelm and not, curiously, from the rarely-used root word whelm at all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†"Certified" and "Certificated"Phrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Northern Leopard Frog Facts

Northern Leopard Frog Facts The song of the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens) is a sure sign of spring in North America. While the northern leopard frog is one of the most abundant and widespread frogs within its region, its population has declined so significantly that its no longer found within parts of its range. Fast Facts: Northern Leopard Frog Scientific Name: Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiensCommon Names: Northern leopard frog, meadow frog, grass frogBasic Animal Group: AmphibianSize: 3-5 inchesWeight: 0.5-2.8 ouncesLifespan: 2-4 yearsDiet: OmnivorousHabitat: United States and CanadaPopulation: Hundreds of thousands or millionsConservation Status: Least Concern Description The northern leopard frog gets its name from the greenish-brown irregular spots on its back and legs. Most of the frogs are green or brown with spots and pearly while undersides. However, there are other color morphs. Frogs with the burnsi color morph lack spots or only have them on their legs. Albino northern leopard frogs also occur. The northern leopard frog is a medium to large frog. Adults range from 3 to 5 inches in length and weigh between one half and 2.8 ounces. Mature females are larger than males. Some morphs of the northern leopard frog lack spots. R. Andrew Odum / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Northern leopard frogs live near marshes, lakes, streams, and ponds from southern Canada through the northern United States and south into New Mexico and Arizona in the West and Kentucky in the East. In the summer, the frogs often venture further from the water and may be found in meadows, fields, and pastures. The southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephala) occupies the southeastern United States and is similar in appearance to the northern leopard frog except that its head is more pointed and its spots tend to be smaller. Diet and Behavior Tadpoles eat algae and rotting vegetable matter, but adult frogs are opportunistic predators that eat anything that will fit within their mouths. The northern leopard frog sits and waits for prey to come near. Once the target is within range, the frog leaps and snatches it up with its long, sticky tongue. Common prey includes small mollusks (snails and slugs), worms, insects (e.g., ants, beetles, crickets, leafhoppers), and other vertebrates (small birds, snakes, and smaller frogs). The frogs do not produce offensive or toxic skin secretions, so they are preyed upon by numerous species. These include raccoons, snakes, birds, foxes, humans, and other frogs. Reproduction and Offspring Northern leopard frogs breed in the spring from March to June. Males make a snore-like, rumbling call to attract females. Once the female selects a male, the pair mates once. After mating, the female lays up to 6500 eggs in the water. The eggs are gelatinous and round with darker centers. The eggs hatch into tadpoles that are pale brown with black spots. The rate of hatching and development depends on temperature and other conditions, but development from egg to adult typically takes between 70 and 110 days. In this time, the tadpoles gain size, develop lungs, grow legs, and eventually lose their tails. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the northern leopard frogs conservation status as least concern. Researchers estimate hundreds of thousand or millions of the frogs live in North America. However, the population has been rapidly declining since the early 1970s, especially in the Rocky Mountains. Laboratory research suggests a possible explanation for regional decline relates to the effect of higher-than-normal temperatures on crowding and bacterial infection. Other threats include habitat loss, competition and predation by introduced species (especially bullfrogs), hormonal effects of agricultural chemicals (e.g., atrazine), hunting, trapping for research and the pet trade, pollution, severe weather, and climate change. Northern Leopard Frogs and Humans Northern leopard frogs are widely kept in captivity for science education, medical research, and as pets. Educators use the frog for dissection, to teach about how muscles are used for different modes of locomotion (swimming and jumping), and to study biomechanics. The sartorius muscle of the frog remains alive in vitro for several hours, allowing experimentation on muscle and neuron physiology. The frog produces a type of enzyme called ribonucleases that are used to treat cancer, including brain tumors, lung tumors, and pleural mesothelioma. Northern leopard frogs are popular pets because they prefer temperatures that are comfortable to humans and eat readily available prey. Sources Conant, R. and Collins, J.T. (1991).  A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern and Central North America (3rd Ed.).  Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts.Hammerson, G.; Solà ­s, F.; Ibà ±ez, R.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q. (2004). Lithobates pipiens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58695A11814172. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58695A11814172.enHillis, David M.; Frost, John S.; Wright, David A. (1983). Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Rana pipiens Complex: A Biochemical Evaluation. Systematic Zoology. 32 (2): 132–43. doi:10.1093/sysbio/32.2.132

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example Management accountants are perfectly trained and they have this ability potential and expertise to contribute along with the strategies and with the evaluating process to over those decision-making problems that they have in the market. Adapt during practice lean towards pause on the reverse apparitions conversed through assured specialists, intellectuals. Adjustments made under according to accounting in several cases have of no use. In its basic and easy form, strategic management accounting is basically a study that gives financial information about the expenses of the competitor; company’s financial position as far as the market is concerned and also has an eye on ventures plans of both of its own and of its competitor’s over a number of periods. This emerging concept had given an emerging life and provided emerging ways in strategic management accounting. The dealings that required developing strategic management accounting came thoroughly on the end that is rather conflicting. Most of the people think and this is also a fact that accounting has turn into the collective language as far as the businesses are concerned and talking about strategic management accounting, strategic management accounting basically helps the managers to take decisions and also to take effective control on the strategies that they have, but you couldn’t say this is enough because the market where things has changed on daily basses with the impulsion of emerging technologies in market and the threat from the emerging entrants these are a few factors on which one despite that have to work to help the managers to take decisions in a proper manner. Even though one couldn’t say that accounting has over came all the problems that one have and also despite that one couldn’t say that accounting can tell us the position of a business or the competitive advantage that a company have, but despite that

Operations Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Managment - Essay Example Through the utilization of new technological applications, the said process of recruiting shall be given the most important development it is expected to take to cater to the needs of the growing number of applicants. Computers and the benefits that it provides the society has made the present generation of humanity what it needs in terms of technological assistance. Along with this, several other supporting programs were then produced to be able to give answer to other demands of the society from computing operations. Yes, it just gets better every time. Some programs are created for individuals, while some are created especially for business companies, which are controlling the global economic stability of the society today. All these programs are considered assistance for users for them to be able to have better access to the technological innovations brought about by computing operations. According to an article entitled "Computer-Tool or Tyrant", Computers, through the history of mankind have provided the society with the necessary assistance at times even more than that as it continuously develop for better applications. This claim is especially true when the talk is all about companies who are dealing with multitasking in their daily activities. The storage of the files that are needed to be kept for record could not be done through the traditional file-shelves system. Hence, the introduction of programs and operating systems brought so much ease to this so called corporal responsibilities and duties. In this paper, a suggested process of operations management using the computer office operations shall be presented so as to assist in the process of shortening the time by which an institution approves the application of hopefuls who want to enroll in Marine Officer Programs offered by the organization. Through the said process to be suggested, it is expected that the process of application would become more efficient and the process of approval be less time consuming thus allowing the personnel of the organization to put their attention to more important things such as improving the whole program for the enrollees. The Importance of Knowing How OS Works Living in such a technologically driven world, it could not be denied that the interest of people in the developing systems of computing operations is also growing. As the computing operations and applications develop, the demands of the society from the benefits that it provides for the individuals and the large organizational companies also increases. The discussion that shall be presented herein Technology too, controls the present situation of the global economy. In fact, the internet applications have completely revolutionized the processes by which trade systems are operating in the current business industry. Certainly, it could be noticed that the production of operating systems that are ready to provide business entrepreneurs with the assistance that they need to be able to cope up with the global competition of industries, the global economy tends to grow even bigger and more stable. The discussion that would be presented in this paper then shall give a clear vision on how Linux is able to provide the said needs of companies worldwide. What is it that makes Linux one of the most reliable operating

An important family story or story some one told you Essay

An important family story or story some one told you - Essay Example He picked on everyone but he wasn’t so tough the woods didn’t scare him, at least a little. The woods were where suburbia and our world as we knew it ended, about two blocks from our street. Sometimes we would venture to the edge peering into the thick brush wondering how far it went, maybe to the ocean about 1000 miles away, we didn’t know. The few times we got close were when the trees were bare in the cold months. When the trees and brush was full with leaves you couldn’t see more than a few yards. The woods were that thick and that scary. When I asked my parents about the woods they answered with whatever they thought would satisfy my curiosity, in other words shut me up, but didn’t seem to know anything about what was in or beyond the thick treed darkness. It was dark, even in broad daylight. The woods were the perfect setting for nightmares and most kids must have had the same dreams because nobody would dare walk into the darkness. It was rumored that an old abandoned house was somewhere in the woods. This story was told by the much older kids who said they had been in it but nobody believed them. It wasn’t possible because nobody went into the woods, absolutely nobody. The house became an obsession with me and my friends, where was it, who lived there and what secrets was it hiding? We thought a murder likely happened there or at least somebody died in that house. Maybe there body is still there. Maybe the murderer still lives there, safe because nobody, not even the police would dare go. Yes, it was that frightening to a group of young kids whose imagination was fully engaged. Imagination was a large part of our lives at the time. We imagined being soldiers, sports stars, pop stars, or whatever. Imagining horrible secrets lurked in the house in the woods came easy for us. We became almost certain the house was haunted. It had to be because the woods certainly were haunted. One summer two

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Strategies

Drug Abuse Rehabilitation Strategies Amber Pegg Does NKY have the Most Effective Treatments Available? A Review of the Literature Drugs and alcohol have increased in acceptability over the years in the United States. Individuals use these drugs for mood alterations and medicinal purposes. Society is surprisingly very unaware of the epidemic that is occurring right under their noses. Annually, illicit drug abuse cost in average $181 billion dollars. (Office of National Drug Policy, 2010) Addiction and dependency both play an extreme role in the increase of use and both are extremely misunderstood. During the year 2013 21.6 million individuals were classified with Substance Dependence/Addiction (Administration, 2013). With addiction on the rise in North America it has been recognized as a public health crisis that is extremely multidimensional and complex. (Larkin, 2006) Drug addiction is classified as an actual disorder according to the medical association. Studies have began to show that genetics may indeed be a part of addiction. These studies are showing genetics may cause susceptibility to addiction in an individual. (Erickson, 2001) Drug addiction is classified into three groups; the first being preoccupation and anticipation, the second being binge and intoxication, and finally the third is withdrawal and negative effect. Those stages are described as, preoccupation with using the substance, constant cravings, using more than necessary, and experiencing tolerance. Addiction is having a severe craving for a substance. This generally also implies that a great deal of attention is devoted to the activity and interferes with the individual’s daily routine. Frank Tallis writes â€Å"At first, addiction is maintained by pleasure. But the intensity of this pleasure gradually diminishes and the addiction is then maintained by the avoidance of pain.† Dependency is said to be the compulsion to use drugs to experience psychological or physical effects. To be considered drug dependent you must have three characteristics; First they must exhibit tolerance, which happens after the body becomes familiarized to the drug, second they must show habituation, this is continuing to have the desire to use the drug after the physical need has ended, and lastly addiction this normally means a great deal of attention is devoted to this activity. In both addiction and dependence the primary goal of an individual suffering from these is simply to attain and use the substance. Commonly used drugs are often categorized into six groups, opioids, sedative-hypnotic, stimulant, hallucinogens, cannabis, and inhalants. In the Northern Kentucky area there are certain drugs that are more prone than others. These include but are not limited to, stimulants, opioids, cannabis and hallucinogens. Opioids include heroine and methadone. Heroin was introduced in 1898 as a cough suppressant, which depresses neural functioning. Heroin use has shifted within populations; literature shows that it was mostly low income minorities as to now where middle class Caucasians are the most prevalent users. (Cleero, 2014) The majority of opiates reduce anxiety and pain for a short period of time. Most heroin users will have the need for larger amount to get the â€Å"fix† but for some, overdose occur and death is the ultimate price. In 2011 heroin alone accounted for 16% of all admissions to treatment facilities. (services, 2012) The most common stimulant abused is known as cocai ne. Cocaine is a crystallized white powder, convenient for snorting. Stimulants increase alertness, decrease the need for sleep and often suppress the feeling of being hungry. This makes it very marketable to college students. Cannabis is often described as a natural drug and is often in debate as to whether it should be classified as something addictive. Marijuana has been cultivated for over 5000 years. THC can produce several effects Marijuana has the effect of relaxation and could give someone the perception of slowing time. What Are the Varying Types of Treatments available? Across the United States there are several treatment types available to those who suffer from substance abuse. Addiction treatments vary due to the complexity of the disease. Individuals may benefit from rapid treatments or they may need treatments that in other terms work to cure and take longer amounts of time and effort. (Riessman).In the last 30 years, there has been significant progress in the development and validation of psychosocial treatments for substance abuse and dependence, with a predominant focus on the validation of cognitive behavioral treatments (Dutra Lissa Stathopoulou, 2008) The office of Drug and Crime reported in 2012, â€Å" expressed in monetary terms, some $200-250 billion dollars would be needed to cover all cost related to drug treatment worldwide; less than 1 in 5 that need treatment will actually receive it. (Publication, 2012). Factors such as treatment length and intensity of individuals play a role into the success of treatment but studies have proven that there is a link between the two. (Finny, 1996) The following information will focus on the most dominant and relevant to NKY. With medically assisted treatment on the rise it has quickly become one of the most popular and user â€Å"friendly† though controversy over drug substitution has arisen within the treatment community (Kleber, 2008). Mattick wrote â€Å"Medically assisted treatments are more appealing than typical drug free approaches.† (Mattick, 2009) With the up rise in heroin and opioid use these treatments will continue to grow. Medically assisted treatments normally consist of one of three drugs to help intervene within the withdrawal and detox phase; Methadone, Suboxone, and Buprenorphine. Each of the three are considered to be moderately effective. There are drop in clinics that will supply the medication and are considerably accessible to communities. Medically assisted treatments can potentially cause addictiveness to the treatment itself. According to the SAMHSA data collected more than 300,000 individuals received medically assisted treatment in 2011. (Treatments for Substanc e Abuse Disorders, 2014) The National Institution on Drug Abuse classifies Detoxification and Withdrawal as the most common process. (NIDA, 2009)Detoxification is the allowance of the body to rid itself of a drug while managing the symptoms of withdrawal. (NIDA, 2009) Each treatment process must begin with the detoxification and withdrawal stages. An often misconception of these two are that while they are processes within each treatment they alone are not considered treatment, one must have follow up. There are several forms of counseling and therapy available to those in need. This ranges from individual, group, psychotherapy, couples, family, open and closed meetings. These sessions are available through insurances and some are right in an individual’s own community. These groups and sessions are great means for resources, networking and general support. Literature reads that cognitive behavioral therapy for substance abuse has been deemed effective; both in combination treatment and monotherapy. (Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, 2009). Cognitive and Behavioral treatment programs are focused on a short term approach. Motivational Interviewing and CBT are both evidence based treatments that continue to make strides in the treatment industry, (McHugh, 2010) Lastly, Inpatient and Outpatient rehabilitation. These facilities are structured similarly yet have extreme differences. While an individual is attending an inpatient center they are at the center 24 hours a day, each day. They will see therapist and doctors routinely for a minimum of 28 days. Outpatient facilities still routinely have therapist and doctors with their clients but they are able to return home in the evenings and be part of their normal routine. This also keeps them accessible to whatever the addiction may be. These programs allow individuals to use self autonomy in which treatment facility they feel would best suit them. Many would argue that outpatient is less affective when in fact studies have shown that there is little to no difference in outcomes between the two. (Moos, 1995) Steven Gifford included in his description of inpatient and outpatient unsettling statistics from NIDA; 23.2 billion individuals required treatment for substance abuse in 2013, only 2.4 bill ion were treated by some sort of drug rehabilitation. (NIDA, 2009) Gaps Included in the Literature The amount of literature readily assessable in regards to drug abuse and treatments available is incredible. There is an abundance of knowledge about the topic with reasonable resources at ones fingertips. We know that individuals who suffer from substance abuse are likely to choose a treatment that fits best to their needs and addiction but also at the convenience to themselves and their families. Finances and insurance can also impact ones decision to certain treatment programs. As to the question, Does NKY have the most effective treatments available the literature does not go into depth enough in geographical terms. There are many treatment options available but whether they are geographically reasonable to the rural and lower income are that is left unanswered. The statistics and information in very broad to the general. Though we know there are treatments in NKY area the question of are they the most effective continues to go unanswered. Works Cited Administration, S. A. (2013). Retrieved March 15, from www.drugwarfacts.com: http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2013SummNatFindDetTables/NationalFindin#sthash.snuPjFav.dpuf Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies. (2009). Cognitive Behavioral Treatment with Adult alcohol and Illicit drug users. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , 516-527. Cleero, T. E. (2014). The changing Face of Heroin. Journal of the American Medical Association , 71 (17), 821-826. Dutra Lissa, P., Stathopoulou, G. (2008). A Meta-Analytic Review of Psychosocial Interventions for Substance Use Disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry , 179-187. Erickson, S. W.-M. (2001). Drug abuse and addiction Research. Journal of the American Pharmacist Association , 41 (1). Finny, M. a. (1996). A qualitative synthesis of patient, research design and treatment. Explaining Abstinence rates following Treatment , pp. 787-785. Kleber, H. D. (2008). Methadone Maintenance 4 decades later. American Medical Association , 2303-2305. Larkin, M. W. (2006). Towards addiction as relationship. Addictions research and theory , 207-215. Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 3. McHugh, R. a. (2010). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America , 511-525. Moos, R. P. (1995). Three models of Community residential Care. Journal of Substance Abuse , 99-116. NIDA. (2009). Treatment. Retrieved March 30, 2015, from NIDA: http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction Office of National Drug Policy. (2010, December). Retrieved April 11, 20145, from National Criminal Justice Reference System: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=255037 Publication, U. N. (2012). World Report. Retrieved April 2015, from Office on Drugs and Crime. Riessman, F. C. (n.d.). Social Policy. 27 (2), pp. 36-46. services, N. A. (2012). Center for behavioral health statistics and quality. Retrieved 4 5, 15, from http://www.samhsa.gov/treatment Treatments for Substance Abuse Disorders. (2014, 10 16). Retrieved March 2015, from SAMHSA: http://www.samhsa.gov/treatment/substance-use-disorders

Cloning - Well, Split My Embryo! :: Cloning Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Cloning – Well, Split My Embryo! Genetic engineering, altering the inherited characteristics of an organism in a predetermined way, by introducing into it a piece of the genetic material of another organism. Genetic engineering offers the hope of cures for many inherited diseases, once the problem of low efficiencies of effective transfer of genetic material is overcome. Another development has been the refinement of the technique called cloning, which produces large numbers of genetically identical individuals by transplanting whole cell nuclei. With other techniques scientists can isolate sections of DNA representing single genes, determine their nucleotide sequences, and reproduce them in the laboratory. This offers the possibility of creating entirely new genes with commercially or medically desirable properties. While the potential benefits of genetic engineering are considerable, so may be the potential dangers. For example, the introduction of cancer-causing genes into a common infectious organism, such as the influenza virus, could be hazardous. We have come to believe that all human beings are equal; but even more firmly, we are taught to believe each one of us is unique. Is that idea undercut by cloning? That is, if you can deliberately make any number of copies of an individual, is each one special? How special can clones feel, knowing they were replicated like smile buttons. "We aren't just our genes, we're a whole collection of our experiences," says Albert Jonsen. But the idea, he adds, raises a host of issues, "from the fantastic to the profound." When anesthesia was discovered in the 19th century, there was a speculation that it would rob humans of the transforming experience of suffering. When three decades ago, James Watson and Francis Crick unraveled the genetic code, popular discussion turned not to the new hope for vanquishing disease but to the specter of genetically engineered races of supermen and worker drones. Later, the arrival of organ transplants set people brooding about a world of clanking Frankensteins, welded together made from used parts. Already there are thousands of frozen embryos sitting in liquid nitrogen storage around the country. "Suppose somebody wanted to advertise cloned embryos by showing pictures of already born children like a product," says Prof. Ruth Macklin, of New York's Albert Einstein College of medicine, who specializes in human reproduction. Splitting an embryo mat seem a great technological leap, but in a world where embryos are already created in test tubes, it's a baby step. The current challenge in reproductive medicine is not to produce more embryos but to identify healthy ones and get them to grow in the womb. Using genetic tests, doctors can now screen embryonic cells for hereditary diseases.

Jekyll and Hyde

Jekyll and Hyde Essay In the novel Jekyll and Hyde, Stevenson the author, uses foreshadowing to hint at what’s to come later on in the book. Three examples that are in the book are how Jekyll and Hyde’s penmanship is very alike and that Hyde has a key to Jekyll’s lab and that all of Jekyll’s servants must follow Mr. Hyde’s exact orders, and also that Hyde is also Jekyll. All of these examples foreshadow what happens later on in the book. In the beginning of the book Jekyll tells Utterson to read his will because Jekyll was very ill and was going to die.Utterson read the will and asked Jekyll why he left all of his stuff to Hyde. Utterson didnt know Hyde but meets him later on in the book. Jekyll said that Hyde is his friend and he can trust him. Utterson agreed with it and said he was watching out for Jekyll. Utterson only cares because Jekyll if one Uttersons long time friends. This foreshadows if Jekyll loses his good side then his evil side will take over and cause trouble. In the book Utterson who is Jekyll’s friend who is also a lawyer finds a letter that is from Hyde.The letter was intended for Jekyll from Hyde stating Jekyll has many ways of escaping and that Jekyll shouldn’t be concerned about Hyde. Once Utterson finds the letter he brings the letter to handwriting professional and tells him that Hyde’s handwriting is very close to Jekyll’s handwriting. This foreshadows for when they find out that Hyde is the bad side of Jekyll. In chapter two Utterson runs into Poole who is one of Jekyll’s servants.Poole says to Utterson that Hyde has a key to Jekyll’s lab and that all of Jekyll’s servants including poole must do anything that Hyde tells them to do. This is foreshadowing because Hyde as we know is Jekyll, so when someone asks Jekyll where Hyde is he says he isn’t around because he cant be two people at the same time so he has no choice but to create a false story . Foreshadowing is a literary device that the most of today’s authors use in their books and essay’s. To counsel additional plot developments within the story.It is sometimes an occasion of death or a revelation of a character’s temperament or the rest very. Within the novel called Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and man. Hyde, foreshadowing was wont to its perfection. These 3 correct instances wherever Jekyll and Hyde’s handwriting is comparable. Hyde contains a key to Jekyll’s laboratory which all of Jekyll’s servant should adjust man. Hyde provides many examples of foreshadowing in Stevenson’s book called The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde.

Cardiovascular Physiology And Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay

High blood pressure is a major contributing hazard factor for cardiovascular diseases and decease responsible for more than any other biomedical hazard factors worldwide. [ 1 ] The hazard factors associated with high blood pressure include shot, coronary bosom disease, chronic bosom failure, chronic kidney disease and their patterned advance. [ 1 ] The hazards is a consequence of the structural harm to the bosom, which is holding to work harder as a pump to the demand of the organic structure, big and little blood vass and the variety meats they supply. [ 2 ] Approximately 29 % of the Australian population have high blood pressure. [ 2 ] There are many hazard factors that may hold attributed to high blood pressure. They include familial factors, household history, race, age, gender, lifestyle and presence of other diseases or unwellness. To accomplish a decrease in blood force per unit area and cardiovascular hazards, a lifestyle alteration that include regular exercising, weight los t, decrease in intoxicant consumption, surcease of smoke and eating healthier is recommended to patients enduring from high blood pressure. [ 2 ] In some instances, antihypertensive drugs are used in combination with lifestyle alterations to assist cut down blood force per unit area. This is due to the presence of blood force per unit area sensitive conditions such as shot, diabetes or chronic kidney disease. [ 1 ] High blood pressure is classified as holding an elevated force per unit area in the blood ‘s systolic and diastolic degree at remainder. [ 3 ] Therefore the blood force per unit area that is pumping in the arterial wall is higher than normal due to emphasize and tenseness that is applied to the arterias. The blood force per unit area would match with increasing the force per unit area doing the blood force per unit area addition every bit good. Hypertension is normally diagnosed one time blood systolic force per unit area is above 140mmHg and diastolic force per unit area greater than 90mmHg. For normal patients, blood force per unit area is about 120mmHg for systolic force per unit area and 80mmHg for diastolic force per unit area. [ 3 ] With high blood pressure, it could be classified as a soundless slayer as there are no symptoms associated with the disease. [ 4 ] So unless high blood pressure is terrible at that place would be no symptoms developing for diagnosing to be det ected at a glimpse. [ 3 ] High blood pressure can be classified into primary or indispensable and secondary high blood pressure. Primary high blood pressure is really common imputing to 85-95 % in most instances of high blood pressure. [ 3 ] Primary high blood pressure is a multifactorial disease where is no individual caused related to it. [ 4 ] Several factors may play a function and with the combined effects contributes to high blood pressure. These could be seen in the mosaic theory in Figure 2 below. As seen there are many factors that may assist lend to primary high blood pressure. Table 1. Categorization of the different phases of Hypertension. [ 1 ] Calciferol: School WorkYear 3 Sem 1CardioHypertensionComplex of BP.jpg Figure 1. Page ‘s Mosaic Theory of Hypertension. [ 3 ] Approximately 30 % of the instances of primary high blood pressure are attributed by familial factors. [ 4 ] The incidence of high blood pressure is greater in African Americans than that to Caucasians or Asians. [ 4 ] Persons who have one or two parents with high blood pressure, is twice more likely than the normal population to hold high blood pressure. [ 4 ] The bulk of primary high blood pressure patients have abnormalcy to their arterias, hence an increased opposition due to stiffness or miss of snap in the arterias is doing the elevated blood force per unit area. [ 4 ] As we age, the snap of the arterias is bit by bit lost and will go stiff. This is why the hazards of high blood pressure is greater in people who are 50 old ages or older. [ 4 ] The increased in opposition causes the bosom muscles to work harder to pump the blood through the blood vass, therefore the strain on the bosom lead to abnormalcies in the hypertrophied size of bosom musculuss on the left ventricle. [ 4 ] Secondary high blood pressure contributes 5 % to the overall instances of high blood pressure. [ 4 ] They are known every bit secondary as there is basically a specific upset in some peculiar organ or blood vas, such as the kidney, adrenal secretory organ or aortal arteria that is doing the lift in blood force per unit area. [ 4 ] Exercise is an act of the organic structure to exercise itself by physical motion which could include walking, running, swimming, or any sort of endurance and aerophilic preparation. It is recommended that single should undergo visible radiation to chair physical exercising at least one time every twenty-four hours for at least 30 to 45 proceedingss. [ 6 ] Physical exercising is a good manner to battle high blood pressure. It is implemented in patients with the prescribed antihypertensive drugs so that maybe the opportunity of decrease in blood force per unit area could cut down or get rid of the demand for antihypertensive drugs. [ 1 ] When the organic structure is undergoing mechanical work such as exercise, the shear or stretch force stimulated will originate the remodelling of the assorted tissues such as the cardiac and skeletal musculuss and blood vass. [ 7 ] Stretching of these musculuss is caused by the force per unit area overload which cause the bosom to undergo hypertrophy. [ 7 ] Therefore cardiomyocytes will spread out by adding sarcomeres in the skeletal musculuss which will increase the contractile force of the single cells. [ 7 ] Exercise is a good manner to advance remodelling of the bosom. [ 7 ] They can bring forth hypertrophy and distend the cardiomyocytes in the needful skeletal musculuss. The bosom will hold to pump harder to run into the O demand applied by the metabolic work. Therefore the emphasis caused on the bosom will take to hypertrophy. Normally the force per unit area overload increases the mechanical emphasis on myocardium which hypertrophy will seek to cut down this emphasis by incre asing the thickness of the ventricle wall. [ 7 ] But due to chronic high blood pressure the natural remodelling of the bosom may really take to bosom failure. The remodelling of the bosom caused by high blood pressure will ensue in left ventricular hypertrophy. Thickening of the left ventricular wall will happen due to emphasize initiated and cut down the chamber volume by the addition in growing of cardiomyocytes. [ 7 ] As new cardiomyocytes is generated, old 1s are besides triggered for programmed cell death and may take to fibrosis. Therefore this will take to an addition in the volume of the bosom Chamberss which is seen in the increased thickness of the wall and will diminish the contractile force map. The fibrosis caused by high blood pressure reduces the organisation in bosom musculus and increase the stiffness of the myocardium which reduces the filling of the bosom during diastole. [ 7 ] Therefore the stiffening and loss of contractility is an inauspicious consequence of ex erting in chronic hypertensive patients. Peripheral opposition is besides reduced during exercising. This is caused by the vasoconstriction in some countries of the organic structure that may non be in usage such as the intestine and visceral parts and diverts the blood off from these countries. [ 8 ] Contracting musculuss will do vasodilatation to distend the arteriolas in these musculuss and lessening entire peripheral opposition and allows the bosom to pump more blood. So exercising will do the entire peripheral opposition to cut down and allows the bosom to pump more blood to provide the O demand. Even though entire peripheral opposition is reduced, exercising will somewhat increase the arterial force per unit area. This is caused by the demand of cardiac end product in the catching musculuss. The demand is still needed to these countries so no count how much vasodilatation is happening to cut down the entire peripheral opposition, cardiac end product is still needed to pump blood to needed countries. This will do the arterial force per unit area to increase in exercising as the demand in undertaking musculuss increases with the strength of the exercising. [ 8 ] The bosom is able to provide a stable flow of blood to the organic structure but under utmost and demand addition in metabolic work, the bosom is able to increase its shot volume and consequence in the addition of the volume of the ventricles. [ 8 ] In exercising since the musculuss is being made to work excess hard, it will heighten the venous return which will do an addition in stroke volume. As exercising is continued the bosom rate will besides be increasing which will ensue in addition of cardiac end product due to oxygen demand in the active musculuss during exercising. [ 8 ] Lifestyle alterations are recommended for all patients with high blood pressure regardless of drugs being taken. Changes made in life style are to accomplish a decrease in blood force per unit area in patients. These alterations could include decrease in Na consumption, increasing healthy feeding wonts and nutritionary consumption, a diet consisting of low saturated fat content, keeping a healthy weight scope, surcease of smoke, cut down intoxicant ingestion and most of all, at least some signifier of physical activity. Salt contains Na and chloride which helps to keep the right volume of blood and tissue fluids in the organic structure. Kidneies are the chief regulators of Na degrees in the organic structure. Therefore sodium consumption will play a function in the fluid keeping as the concentration of sodium addition will increase H2O loss in the organic structure and increase the blood force per unit area degrees. The extent of decrease is dependent on your age and blood force per unit area. Sodium decrease may non take down blood force per unit area in younger people with low or normal blood force per unit area. [ 5 ] A individual ‘s weight is by and large associated with their cholesterin degree. Peoples who are fleshy tend to hold high cholesterin and elevated blood force per unit area. Low-density lipoproteins ( LDLs ) are able to traverse the endothelial bed and enter the bomber endothelial infinite. Therefore the rate of entry of LDLs into the arterial wall is increased and do accretion in the blood vass. LDLs are modified and promote macrophage to the countries. However, macrophage has receptors that recognize the LDLs and are able to roll up in the macrophage and are converted to froth cells. These cells are the causes of coronary artery disease. Foam cells are able to show growing factors and proteases that lead to cell proliferation and matrix being degraded which will take to tear of the atherosclerotic pestilence. [ 9 ] Figure 2. The formation of froth cells via macrophage oxidizing LDLs. [ 9 ] Cigarettes smoke contain many chemicals including nicotine and C monoxide. [ 5 ] Smoking causes a build-up of plaques which may take to damage in the interior bed of the arterias making a coronary thrombosis. It besides contributes to the development and acceleration of coronary artery disease. Therefore cholesterin is able to come in the arteria walls more quickly and would do blood coagulum to happen in the arterias. [ 5 ] This will take to bosom onslaughts as the entire peripheral opposition is increased with coronary artery disease and obstruction of blood vass in the arterias. Alcohol ingestion should besides be reduced as it affects the pituitary secretory organ in stamp downing the production of anti-diuretics endocrine. This will do failure in the kidneys to resorb equal sum of H2O and lead to desiccation of the organic structure. This will do lift in blood force per unit area. [ 10 ] In a survey â€Å" Beneficial effects of physical exercising on high blood pressure and cardiovascular inauspicious remodeling of diet-induced corpulent rats † it is found that the exercising corpulent rats had a major decrease after 4 hebdomads of exerting holding a difference of 25 % lessening at the terminal of the experiment. [ 11 ] The corpulent rats showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy which is reduced after exerting. Exercise had besides eased the loss of left ventricular cardiomyocytes. The wall thickness of the aorta and common carotid arterias was significantly smaller in exercised corpulent rats than the sedentary obese rats which lead to improved peripheral opposition arterias of the corpulent rats. [ 11 ] In another survey â€Å" The good consequence of regular endurance exercising preparation on blood force per unit area and quality of life in patients with high blood pressure † shows the important of exerting in the decrease of blood force per unit area. The survey shows that by exerting you can cut down systolic blood force per unit area by 13.1mmHg and diastolic blood force per unit area by 6.3mmHg. [ 12 ] There is clear and evidentiary information sing the decrease of blood force per unit area in mild to chair high blood pressure patients but the conflicting issues arises with patients who are in the class 3 phase of high blood pressure ( SBP & gt ; 180mmHg, DBP & gt ; 110mmHg ) known as chronic high blood pressure. Many surveies have proven that by exerting a decrease in blood force per unit area is the consequence. Exercising will originate hypertrophy to heighten the capacity of the bosom to pump to run into the O demand of the organic structure. In this phenomenon the bosom is able to of course cut down the emphasis by increasing the thickness of the ventricle wall. From the survey on the induced corpulent rats, the wall thickness of the aorta and carotid arterias were smaller in the exercised corpulent rats. For patients with chronic high blood pressure, exercising is non recommended as this may originate hypertrophy and may do bosom failure in the patient. As blood force per uni t area is well high in chronic patients, the lift in blood force per unit area with exercising may do the bosom to neglect and the O demand will non be met. Therefore the demand for antihypertensive drug is introduced with these patients alternatively. Drugs that could be used include water pills, I?-Blockers, Ca2+ Channel Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor adversary and I ±-adrenoceptor adversary. Exercise is proven to cut down blood force per unit area in hypertensive patients by undergoing hypertrophy which produces cardiovascular versions that will increase work capacity, endurance and vascular map. It can besides increase the strength of musculuss and cut down cardiovascular hazards. The instance surveies have statistically showed the significance of decrease in blood force per unit area by cardiac remodelling of the bosom. Patients with grade 3 high blood pressure will necessitate to be treated with antihypertensive drugs every bit good as undergoing visible radiation exercisings. For the effectual decrease in blood force per unit area, all patients are recommended to alter their life style and include exercising as portion of their day-to-day modus operandi.